C h a i r G r o u p P l a n t P r o d u c t i o n S y s t e m s
Prof. Dr. Ken E. Giller
| Address |
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Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen |
| Tel. |
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+31 (0)317 485818 |
| e-mail |
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ken.giller@wur.nl |
Professor of Plant Production Systems
Research
Resources for production of crops and livestock are studied, with special emphasis on the temporal and spatial dynamics of resources within farming systems (including common property) and their interactions. Central concepts are resource utilization efficiency and scaling in systems analysis. Strong focus is also placed on the role of nitrogen fixing legumes in provision of food, feed, fuel and soil fertility in tropical farming systems.
Resource dynamics show reproducible patterns across different tropical farming systems. Preferential allocation of organic resources, manure and mineral fertilizers to fields close to the homestead results in strong gradients of soil fertility decline with distance. Livestock are the central means of concentration of nutrients within farming systems, often resulting in inequitable redistribution of nutrients from common lands and poorer households to farms of richer households. Attention is given to development of principles for enhancing efficient use of scarce resources within the complex dynamics of interacting temporal and spatial scales. Managed variability in soil fertility has major effects on resource use efficiency of both nutrients and water, necessitating analysis of trade-offs at the farm rather than plot scale. The livelihoods of farming families depend on complex interactions between competing demands for investment of cash and labour both within and beyond the farm boundaries. They are particularly sensitive to opportunities for off-farm earnings through markets for produce and employment in urban centres, which forms the major opportunity for investment in agriculture. Thus the unit of analysis for research is extended beyond the farm boundary to the livelihood of the farming household.
- N2Africa: Putting Nitrogen Fixation to Work for Smallholder Farmers in Africa is a large scale, science research project funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. We use the concept of the ‘socio-ecological niche’ to identify opportunities for smallholder farmers to improve performance of their production systems using multi-purpose legumes to provide food, animal feed, and improved soil fertility. By the end of the project we will have delivered improved varieties of legumes and inoculant technologies to more than 225,000 smallholder farmers in eight countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Key opportunities for learning come from understanding what determines success in sustainable intensification in a comparative analysis across the project (see http://www.n2africa.org/ - and click on the N2Media page for videos).
- NUANCES (Nutrient Use in Animal and Cropping Systems: Efficiencies and Scales) aims at generating an integrated framework of data bases and computer models. This framework can be used to analyse current livelihoods, explore options for their development and reveal trade-offs between objectives farmers are facing in Sub-Saharan Africa (see http://www.africanuances.nl/).
- Competing Claims on Natural Resources: Overcoming Mismatches in Resource Use through a Multi-Scale Perspective. This interdisciplinary programme not only seeks to describe and explain resource use dynamics and competing claims, but also to actively contribute to negotiation processes between stakeholders operating at different scales (local, national, regional and global). It will explore alternatives that can contribute to more sustainable and equitable use of natural resources, and, where possible, design new technical options and institutional arrangements (see www.competingclaims.nl)
- Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical cropping systems (see, the "wonderbonen" (wonderbeans) from the Noorderlicht broadcast, by VPRO television).